This rhizomatous perennial forms a clump with leaves from the base arranged in a fan-like pattern. It has sword-shape dark green leaves to 2.5m (8ft) long and the reddish brown tube-shaped flowers appear in a cluster above the foliage from late spring to summer. 

Hardiness zones 8 to 11 

Phormium tenax is naturally found in New Zealand and on Norfolk Island growing in coastal swamps and the adjoining lower mountains. 

It is a variable plant tolerating wet boggy soils to well drained dry soil in an open sunny to semi shaded position and is drought, frost and salt spray tolerant. 

The New Zealand Flax is a long-lived hardy plant is grown for its foliage and is planted in large gardens and parks around water features. It is also mass planted on embankments or used in borders. It establishes in 2 to 3 years requiring ample space to grow and is suitable for coastal regions. It is low maintenance once establish and is a striking foliage contrast specimen. ID 491

Phormium (FOR-mee-um) tenax (TEN-ax)

From Greek phormion, a fibrous plant used for weaving; “tenax”, Latin word meaning “hold tight”, referring to the toughness of the fibre when used to make cord.

Agavaceae (ah-gav-AY-see-ee)