PEST
 
   NAME
     Mistletoe
     Various Mistletoe Species

Description of the Pest
This is not an insect pest but a group of parasitic plants, some specific to the host and others that attack a wide range of hosts. The mistletoe is seen as a pendant cluster of bright green leaves on the branches of the host plant. It has bright flowers that produce nectar, attracting birds which spread the seeds. 
 
   A cluster of bright green leaves.  	

Appearance and Distribution of the Pest
It can appear throughout the year in warmer climates, otherwise seeds germinate from spring to summer. The seeds are distributed by birds that land on the host plant and deposit seeds.

   Flower Head		 Leaves

Period of Activity
Infestation occurs primarily during summer but growths may be seen throughout the year.

Damage Caused
Seeds germinate on the host and form a connection, not killing the cells but working with them in order to feed on the sap with ever enlarging roots. Small infestations do little harm to the host but vigorous species may infest trees eventually killing them. This is a serious problem in cleared land where small stands of trees have been left and generally have no follow up saplings. 

   Enlarging Roots

Susceptible Plants
Normally attacks trees that are in an open sunny exposed position such as a roadside setting or an isolated specimen. Stressed trees are particularly venerable and are easily killed. 

Calocedrus decurrens is attacked by the leafy mistletoe (Phoradendron juniperinum).

Nothofagus species are attacked by several mistletoe species with the most common being the feather mistletoe (Misodendrum punctulatum). This mistletoe infests several species of Nothofagus in South America causing a branch dieback and in extreme cases tree mortality. Control methods include physically removing small infestations and or collection of seed heads.

Cultural Control
Cut off and destroy clumps and feed the plant to improve vigour. Removal of the plant is an important maintenance procedure in small groups of trees to reduce losses.

Biological Control
There is no current biological control.

Chemical Control
The tree may be injected with a systemic poison, but great care should be taken as the correct chemical and dosage rate is critical. Contact the local Dept. of Agriculture for advice.
Note
Always read the label for registration details and direction of use prior to application of any chemicals.