Propagation
The seeds have no dormancy period and are sown when collected in pots. In cool climates place the pots in a cold frame to germinate.


Botanic information
Leaf: The light to yellowish green linear (needle-like) leaves are produced in pairs or occasionally in threes and sheathed at the base. They are slightly twisted with minutely serrated margins and have stomata on all surfaces. The conical winter buds are up to 8 mm (Ľ in)long with fringed scales that are commonly reflex.

Flower: The tree is monoecious with the staminate (male) catkin-like flowers appear in a cluster and the reddish-brown conical-ovoid female cone appears solitary or in whorls of 2-3 during spring.

Fruit: The reddish brown pendant ovoid mature cones are 70 mm (2? in)in diameter and have a thick scaly peduncle. The reddish brown rhomboid scales 25 mm (1 in) long by 15 mm (? in)wide and are flat with a slightly raised keel. They contain a winged seed that is up to 6 mm (Ľ in)long with a wing up to 25 mm (1 in) long and remains a viable for 2-5 years. They take up to 3-years to mature and are persistent on the tree for some time.