Propagation
Stratify seeds for 1 month during winter in peat at a temperature of 1.1º to 5º C. (34º to 41º F). Sow seeds in pots then place them in a cold frame to germinate or sow directly in situ. 

Botanic information
Leaf: The flattened linear leaves are dark green on the upper surface with a whitish stomatic patch towards the notched apex and the underside has 2-white stomatic bands. The leaves are arranged radically or spirally, densely along the glossy branchlets.

Flower: The small reddish male strobili appear in dense clusters towards the end of the branchlets during spring and the green female cones mature brown.

Fruit: The cylindrical female cones are green maturing to brown, up to 40 mm (1⅝ in) wide and with up to 200 scales. Each scale contains 2-wind seeds that are released when the cone disintegrates.