Propagation
Separate seeds from pulp and sown in autumn in a moist medium and maintain a temperature of 5ş C (41ş F) for 3-months.

Softwood cuttings of non-flowering shoots are taken from spring to autumn and place on a misting bench until roots appear with in 6 to 8 weeks. Avoid excessive moisture for both cuttings and seeds.

Note:
Cuttings of deciduous species should be taken during early winter and cuttings of evergreen species are taken from spring.


Botanic information
Leaf: The leathery textured leaves are elliptical to ovate elliptical with a spiny-serrated margin. The apex is spiny-acute and the base is cuneate with a short petiole.

The upper surface is lustrous and the underside is glaucous. They are arranged in whorls and accompanied by 3-pungent spines.

Flower: The nodding pale yellow cyathiform flowers have 6-petal-like sepals and 6-petals arranged in alternating whorls of three and contains 6-stamens and the ovary has a single cell. There are 3-6 flowers arranged in fascicles in the leaf axils on a slender pedicle up to 15 mm (? in) long and appear during late spring.

Fruit: The blue-glaucous to black oblong-ovoid berry has a fleshy texture and is covered in a powdery secretion (pruinose). The small seeds are viable but the plant is commonly reproduced vegetatively to maintain true to type.