Propagation
Divide rhizomes in to lengths during spring and seal wounds to prevent fungal infection. Plant upwards in well drained moist soil, apply bottom heat. 

Place spores on sterilised sphagnum or peat moss then cover with glass, keep moist for 4 to 6 weeks maintaining a temperature of 16º C (61º F), with indirect light. 

Cleanliness is essential during the process.
When planting out space the plants 1.2 (4ft) to 3.6 m (12ft) apart.

Botanic information
Leaf: The fertile and sterile fronds are alike, deeply bipinnate with pubescent sharply-serrated leaflets. The arching rhachis is pale green and woody towards the base.

Flower: The oblong sori are up to 4 mm (⅛in) long and appear end to end on either side of the mid-group of the fertile leaflets. The spores are produced at varying times throughout the growing period but are commonly seen during summer.

Fruit: The sporangium opens longitudinally releasing the spores. The spores are produced in the sporangium during the sporophyte stage of the fern life cycle in rows on the back of the fertile frond. The spores are very small (like fine dust) and are released from the sori when mature and dispersed by wind or water.