Propagation
Plant fresh seeds in a deep container to 150mm (6in) deep during spring, keep moist and maintain a temperature of 19ş to 27şC. (66ş to 81şF).

Sporadic germination may take up to 3 months. Avoid allowing the seed to dry out before sowing.


Botanic information
Leaf: The large pinnate fronds have leaflets that are fused forming an arching heavily ribbed appearance. The short stiff petiole is densely covered in spines that extend along the underside of the mid-rib and the margins are deeply toothed.

Flower: The spike-like inflorescence has papery bracts and appears amongst the leaf bases. The male inflorescence has consists of several branches with the small flowers arranged in pairs accompanied with a small bract. It has 3-small sepals and 3-larger petals that united at the base to form a tube. It contains 6-stamens and a small sterile pistil.

The less branched female inflorescence has larger flowers that are solitary or arranged in pairs and accompanied with a bract. It has 3-sepals and 3-petals that are united at the base and contain a short style with a 3-lobed stigma, and has a 3-celled ovary with 3-ovules. They appear on different plants (dioecious) during early summer.

Fruit: The large ovoid reddish to yellow-brown drupe is covered in appressed imbricate scales and contains 3-seeds that are covered in a fleshy layer.