Propagation
Sow fresh seed during spring and maintain a temperature of 19ş to 24ş C. (66ş to 77ş F).

Soft tip cuttings of non-flowering shoots during the growing period.


Botanic information
Leaf: The glaborous leaves are ovate to broad-ovate or elliptical with stiff texture. The glossy green holly-like leaves have irregular toothed margins that are armed with a spines.

Flower: The tubulate flowers have 2-lips, the upper is 2-lobed and the lower 3-lobed. The stamens are exserted and the flowers have a short pedicle. They are arranged in a short axillary cluster-like raceme towards the end of the branches and appears during spring.

Fruit: The woody club-shaped capsule is dehiscing and explosively dispersing the seeds. The seeds are viable but the plant may be reproduced vegetatively.