Propagation
Sow fresh seed from autumn or in late winter in pots and in cold climates place in a cold frame.

Botanic information
Leaf: The flattened oblong-linear keeled leaves have a spiny tip when young up to 60mm (2⅜in) long and an obtuse to notched apex when mature. The petiole is short and the underside is pale green. The leaves tend to be arranged in 2-upright rows along the branchlets.

Flower: The female red-brown to purplish cones are arranged in terminal or axillary clusters and appear during late spring.

Fruit: The reddish brown woody cone has persistent scales.