Propagation
Sow fresh seed from autumn or in late winter in pots and in cold climates place in a cold frame.


Botanic information
Leaf: The flattened oblong-linear keeled leaves have a spiny tip when young up to 60mm (2?in) long and an obtuse to notched apex when mature. The petiole is short and the underside is pale green. The leaves tend to be arranged in 2-upright rows along the branchlets.

Flower: The female red-brown to purplish cones are arranged in terminal or axillary clusters and appear during late spring.

Fruit: The reddish brown woody cone has persistent scales.