Propagation
Stratify seeds for 2 to 3 months during winter in peat at a temperature of 1.1ş to 5ş C. (34ş to 41ş F). Sow seeds in pots then place them in a cold frame to germinate.


Botanic information
Leaf: The variable semi-erect narrow linear leaves are forward pointing and arranged densely along the stem in a 'V' pattern. The upper surface is dark glossy green and the underside has 2-greyish stomatic bands. When crushed the leaves have a balsam odour.

Flower: The small yellow male catkin-like strobili appears on the underside of the branches in the leaf axils and releases pollen during spring. The upright purplish female cones are oblong.

Fruit: The female cone is oblong cylindrical and is dark violet when young, becoming resinous as they mature to a grey-brown colour. It has long broad scales that are accompanied by pointed bracts and the purple-brown winged seeds are up to 7mm (Ľin) long. Once the seeds are ripe the scales fall away leaving only the central axis of the cone on the tree.