Propagation
Collect and remove pulp from the seeds then wash. Seeds (nutlets) that float should be discarded and when sowing place in well drained media and maintain a temperature of 18ş to 21ş C. (64ş to 75ş F). Certain seeds germinate quickly while others take up to 18 months.

Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during late summer to autumn.


Botanic information
Leaf: The leathery textured glossy dark green leaves are oblong to elliptical or obovate and is finely pubescent on both sides. The petiole is very short and the apex is acute tipped with a sharp spine. The margin is sparsely serrated with spiny tips and the leaf tends to fold upwards along the mid rib, and the new growth is bronze red.

Flower: The small cyathiform flowers have 4 petals with as many stamens and are arranged in fascicles appearing on the previous year's growth during late spring. Male and female plants must be grown together in order to produce fruit (dioecious).

Fruit: The small obovoid berry-like drupe is normally arranged in pairs and is persistent on the plant. The seeds are viable but the plant may be reproduced vegetatively.