Propagation
Semi hardwood cuttings taken during late spring to early summer and placed in a well-drained media, under mist. Rooting occurs within 12 to 15 weeks.


Botanic information
Leaf: The leathery textured glabrous leaves are elliptical to oblong with a glossy green upper surface and a pale grey to yellowish underside. Young or vigorous leaves have serrated margins that are spiny tipped and leaves on adult plants are entire with an obtuse apex. The petiole is up to 12 mm (˝ in) long.

Flower: The small polygamous or dioecious tubulate flowers have 4-reflexed petals and 2-stamens with a pedestal up to 12 mm (˝ in) long. They are arranged in an axillary cyme that is commonly hidden by the foliage and both bisexual and unisexual flowers, may be found on the same plant during autumn.

Fruit: The ovoid purple to lack drupe contains a single seed with a thin testa and fleshy endosperm. The small is seed is viable but fruit is not commonly seen on cultivated plants and propagation is normally carried out vegetatively.