Propagation
Collect and remove pulp from the seeds then wash. Seeds (nutlets) that float should be discarded and when sowing place in well drained media and maintain a temperature of 18ş to 21ş C. (64ş to 75ş F).

Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during late summer to autumn.

Botanic information
Leaf: The leathery textured leaves are elliptical to ovate with a short petiole and an acute spiny apex and is up to 33mm (1Ľin) wide. The margins have 4 to 8 spines on each side and the upper surface has impressed reticulated veins.

Flower: The small cyathiform flowers have 4-petals with as many stamens and appear in axillary fascicles with a short pedicle on the previous year's growth. Male and female plants must be grown together in order to produce fruit (dioecious). The flowers appear during spring but are regarded as insignificant as an ornamental feature.

Fruit: The globose glossy deep red berry-like drupe is arranged in dense clusters along the stems and persists on the plant during winter.