Propagation
Division of the clump during spring.
Stem cuttings taken during the growing period.

Place spores on sterilised sphagnum or peat moss then cover with glass, keep moist for 4 to 6 weeks maintaining a temperature of 16ş C (61ş F), with indirect light.
Cleanliness is essential during the process.

Botanic information
Leaf: The larger ventral leaves are lanceolate with an obtuse apex and the smaller dorsal leaves are ovoid with a truncate apex that has a long stiff awn. Both of the glossy dark to bright green leaves have marginal teeth and are asymmetrical at the base. The leaves are arranged in a thick multi-branched spray.

Flower: The sporophylls appear in a terminal spike-like cone (strobilus) that has 2-types of spores. The microsporamgia contain many microspores and megasorangia that normally have 4-megaspores. The spores are released during late spring or throughout summer in warm regions.


Fruit: The small cone-like strobilus produces spores. The spores are a viable but the plant is commonly reproduced vegetatively.