Propagation
Sow fresh seed during spring in pots and place in a cold frame to germinate in cool climates.
Semi-hardwood tip cuttings taken during summer apply bottom heat.

Botanic information
Leaf: The stiff backward curved lanceolate leaves have a raised mid rib on the upper surface and the underside has 2-white stomatic bands. The apex is sharply pointed and the leaves are arranged densely around the branchlets with leaves on the underside twisted upwards. The leaves live for up to 5-years and dead leaves persist on the plant for many years.

Flower: The yellow-brown male strobili appear in terminal clusters shedding pollen during spring and the terminal female cone is solitary and up to 12mm (½in) wide.

Fruit: The ovoid-conical female cone has thin scales with a spiny apex and each scale has 3-winged seeds. The seeds are viable but the plant may be reproduced vegetatively.