Propagation
Sow fresh seed during early spring and pre-soak seeds in heated water 13º to 18ºC (55º to 64ºF) for 24 hours. Seeds may require scarification.

Botanic information
Leaf: The true leaves are reduced to scales with teeth that are in whorls of 7 to 9 around the stem at the joints.

Flower: The tan male flowers are arranged in an erect spike towards the end of the branches and female flowers normally appear on a different plant (dioecious) during early spring.

Fruit: The small cylindrical cone is up to 15mm (⅝in) wide with a depressed apex and a short pubescent stalk. The dark shinny seeds have a long viability period and is spread by birds or dispersed by gravity. The seeds germinate after fire or disturbance.