Propagation
Sow fresh seed during autumn in situ or in a deep container and commonly no scarification is required. Maintain a temperature of 19ş to 27ş C. (66ş to 81ş F) during spring and keep moist.

The seeds lose viability quickly so do not allow the seeds to dry out. Plant out as soon as possible as the tree dislikes root disturbance.

General pruning information
Train to a single leader and cut back unwanted branches to the collar. The crown may be lifted or thinned to allow light to penetrate. Once established they require little pruning apart from removal or dead or damaged branches.


Botanic information
Leaf: The dark green leaves have up to 11 rounded lobes with brownish tomentose on the underside. The apex is obtuse and the petiole is up to 15mm (?in) long. The imbricate brownish buds are conical and are up to 5mm (Ľin) long.

Flower: The staminate (male) flowers have to 6-stamens and are arranged on slender pendulous catkins (spike-like). The female flowers are solitary or in small spikes, in the leaf axils. Both appear on the current or previous season growth on the same tree during spring. (monoecious)

Fruit: The ovoid acorn is solitary or in pairs and may be sessile. The hemispherical (cap) involucre covers one third of the nut and when eaten it has a sweet taste.