Propagation
Sow fresh seed during autumn in situ or in a deep container and commonly no scarification is required. Maintain a temperature of 19ş to 27ş C. (66ş to 81ş F) during spring and keep moist. The seeds lose viability quickly so do not allow the seeds to dry out. Plant out as soon as possible as the tree dislikes root disturbance.

General pruning information
Train to a single leader and cut back unwanted branches to the collar. The crown may be lifted or thinned to allow light to penetrate. Once established they require little pruning apart from removal or dead or damaged branches.


Botanic information
Leaf: The leaf shape is oval to obovate, up to 140mm (5˝in) wide with 7 to 11 pointed lobes that extend half way to midrib. The apex is acuminate and the glabrous petiole is up to 50mm (2in) long. The underside is pale green and turns red in autumn before falling.

Flower: The staminate (male) flowers have up to 6-stamens and are arranged on slender pendulous catkins (spike-like). The female flowers are solitary or in small spike, in the leaf axils. Both appear on the current or previous season growth during spring.

Fruit: The globose acorn is solitary or in pairs with a mid brown (saucer-like cap) involucre that covers one third or less of the nut. It matures in the second year but is not persistent on the plant, falling early.