Propagation
Sow fresh seed during autumn in situ or in a deep container and commonly no scarification is required. Maintain a temperature of 19ş to 27ş C. (66ş to 81ş F) during spring and keep moist.

The seeds lose viability quickly so do not allow the seeds to dry out. Plant out as soon as possible as the tree dislikes root disturbance.


Botanic information
Leaf: The yellow-green leaves are oblong-lanceolate to broad obovate up to 100mm (4in) wide. The thick margin has triangular lobes with glandular curved teeth. The upper surface is glabrous and the underside is white pubescent. In autumn the leaves turn yellowish-orange before falling.

Flower: The slender pendulous catkins are up to 180mm (7in) long and comprising of 5 to 6-lobed staminate male flowers. The female flowers have bright red styles and are solitary or arranged in a short spike above the males and both appearing during spring.

Fruit: The sub-sessile acorn is broad-ovoid and narrowing towards the rounded apex. The whitish cup-shaped involucre has pubescent scales and covers one third to half of the acorn and the fruit matures in one year.

General pruning information
Train to a single leader and cut back unwanted branches to the collar. The crown may be lifted or thinned to allow light to penetrate. Once established they require little pruning apart from removal or dead or damaged branches.