Propagation
Sow fresh seed during spring in pots and place in a cold frame to germinate.

Botanic information
Leaf: The long straight stiff acicular leaves are arranged in pairs and persists on the plant for 7-years. There is up to 14-stomatic bands on both side and the sheath is up to 12mm (½in) long. The apex is abruptly pointed and the foliage is pollution or smoke tolerant.

Flower: The clustered staminate (male) catkin-like flowers are green-brown with golden pollen and the pistillate (female) cones are yellow-green. They appear during early summer.

Fruit: The pointed ovoid to conical cones are solitary or in clusters and arranged terminally with a wide angle to the stem. It is up to 30mm (1¼in) wide and the prickly pointed scales are up to 25mm (1in) long. They open to release winged seeds.