Propagation
Sow fresh seed during autumn in situ or in a deep container and commonly no scarification is required. Maintain a temperature of 19ş to 27ş C. (66ş to 81ş F) during spring and keep moist.

The seeds lose viability quickly so do not allow the seeds to dry out. Plant out as soon as possible as the tree dislikes root disturbance.

Take soft tip or semi-hardwood cuttings during late summer to early winter and apply bottom heat.

Note:
The timber is also used for wood pulp or paper and in the construction industry.
Care should be taken when selecting a site as the tree becomes large, damaging footpaths or buildings as it expands.


Botanic information
Leaf: The bright green leaves are linear to narrow oblong with an entire to undulating margin with no lobes. The apex is acute and the petiole is up to 6mm (Ľin) long.The upper surface is glabrous; underside is pubescent on the mid-rib. Juvenile leaves may be lobed.

Flower: The flowers are monoecious. The staminate (male) flowers have 6-stamens and are arranged on slender pendulous catkins (spike-like). The female flowers are solitary or in a small cluster in the leaf axils. Both appear on the current or previous season`s growth during spring.

Fruit: The light-brown ovoid acorn is up to 10 mm (? in) wide and narrowing towards pointed apex and has a saucer-shaped whitish-green involucre with pubescent scales that are appressed and acute, covering up to one third of the nut from the base. The fruit is biannual, maturing in the second year and mature nuts are marked with brown-black alternate bands.


General pruning information
Train to a single leader and cut back unwanted branches to the collar. The crown may be lifted or thinned to allow light to penetrate. Once established they require little pruning apart from removal or dead or damaged branches.