Propagation
Stratify seeds and sow in pots and place in a cold frame to germinate which may take up to 2 years.

Take semi-hardwood cuttings from summer to autumn.
Reduce the foliage and transplant mature plants when dormant.

Note
Seed sowing for Ilexspecies
Collect and remove pulp from the seeds then wash. Seeds (nutlets) that float should be discarded and when sowing place in well drained media and maintain a temperature of 18ş to 21ş C. (64ş to 75ş F). Certain species germinate quickly while others take up to 18 months.

Botanic information
Leaf: The dull green leaves are elliptical to obovate and the margin has sharp spines on the upper half. Older leaves may have an entire margin and the underside is yellowish. The petiole is up to 12mm (˝in) long and is covered in a fine pubescence.

Flower: The rotate flowers have 3 to 8 petalled that are basely fused and are small and waxy. The male flower has 4-prominent stamens with yellow anthers and the female is squat with an oval green pistil and each appear on a different plant on the current years growth during early summer.

Fruit: The small red stalked berry-like drupe is persistent on the plant throughout winter and sometimes occurs in yellow-orange colour. The small seeds are viable but the plant is commonly reproduced vegetatively.