Propagation
Stratify seeds for 2 to 3 months during winter in peat at a temperature of 1.1ş to 5ş C. (34ş to 41ş F). Sow seeds in pots then place them in a cold frame to germinate.

Note:
Abies specieshave upright cones and the leaves fall from the branch cleanly.
Care should be taken when selecting a sight as the tree has vigorous roots that can lift concrete and block drains.

Botanic information
Leaf: The flat glossy dark green linear leaves are up to 3mm (?in) wide and the undersides have two silvery stomatic bands. They are arranged 2-ranked along the stem with shorter leaves in the above position. When crushed the leaves have a strong orange peel odour.

Flower: The small male cone is pale yellow and the upright female cone is light yellow-green. Both of them are normally found in the upper parts of the tree and appear during spring.

Fruit: The cylindrical cone is purple-green turning to reddish-brown when ripe with broad scales and small bracts that are short-tipped. The light brown seed is up to 10mm (?in) long with a 20mm (ľin) long yellowish wing.