Propagation
Sow fresh seeds during early spring and pre-soak in heated water 13º to 18ºC (55º-64ºF) for 24 hours. The seeds may require scarification.

Botanic information
Leaf: The dark green pinnate fronds have a spine that is twisted normally to 180º and some times to 360º with equal length leathery textured leaflets up to 120mm (4¾ in) long. The apex is stiff pointed and the base is orange-red in colour. 

Flower: The male cones are cylindrical up to 200mm (7¾in) long by 90mm (3½in) diameter and number from 1 to 4. The ovoid female cones are also up to 200mm (7¾in) long by 90mm (3½in) in diameter. They appear from late spring to early summer.

Fruit: The fleshy orange-red seeds are 30 mm long and are arranged in an ovoid cone that is up to 90mm (3½ in) wide with spiny tips. The seeds contain a starchy endosperm, which contain poisonous glycosides.