Propagation
Sow fresh seeds during early spring and pre-soak in heated water 13ş to 18şC (55ş-64şF) for 24 hours. The seeds may require scarification.


Botanic information
Leaf: The dark green pinnate fronds have a spine that is twisted normally to 180ş and some times to 360ş with equal length leathery textured leaflets up to 120mm (4ľ in) long. The apex is stiff pointed and the base is orange-red in colour.

Flower: The male cones are cylindrical up to 200mm (7ľin)long by 90mm (3˝in) diameter and number from 1 to 4. The ovoid female cones are also up to 200mm (7ľin)long by 90mm (3˝in) in diameter. They appear from late spring to early summer.

Fruit: The fleshy orange-red seeds are 30 mm long and are arranged in an ovoid cone that is up to 90mm (3˝ in) wide with spiny tips. The seedscontain a starchy endosperm, which contain poisonous glycosides.