Propagation
Sow fresh seeds in a bed and plant out in early spring.

Graft plants during late winter and bud during summer. This plant is difficult to transplant as it dislikes the taproot being disturbed.

Botanic information
Leaf: The leaf shape is oblong to lanceolate with a coarsely serrated margin. The undersides are pubescent when young and the leaves tend to become broad at the base. The petiole is 25mm (1in) long.

Flower: The small male flowers form upright cream-yellow catkins and the female flowers are joined together in a cupule (sheath) at the base of the male catkins, or as separate catkins. They appear during summer.

Fruit: The nut forms a brown, spiny husk and contains 1 to 7 brown seeds.

Note
The fruit is rich in starch, oil and vitamins B and C and are included in a range of culinary uses such as being ground into a flower, boiled or roasted and made into a confectionery.
Most parts of the tree contain tannin which is used for medicinal remedies, ie. The leaves make a tea that soothes irritated throats.