Propagation
Sow fresh seed during autumn in situ or in a deep container and commonly no scarification is required. Maintain a temperature of 19º to 27º C. (66º to 81º F) during spring and keep moist. 

The seeds lose viability quickly so do not allow the seeds to dry out. Plant out as soon as possible as the tree dislikes root disturbance.

Graft of plants during late winter to early spring.

Botanic information
Leaf: The leaf shape varies from oblong-ovate to lanceolate with a holly-like serrated margins when young becoming entire with age. The underside is downy white and the leaf has a leathery texture.

Flower: The staminate (male) flowers have 4-12-stamens; arranged on slender pendulous catkins (spike-like). The female flowers are solitary or in a small cluster in the leaf axils. Both appear on the current or previous season’s growth from late spring to early summer.

Fruit: The ovoid to rounded acorn appears solitary or in groups of 2 to 3 and the cup half of its length.

General pruning information
Train to a single leader and cut back unwanted branches to the collar. The crown may be lifted or thinned to allow light to penetrate. Once established they require little pruning apart from removal or dead or damaged branches.