Propagation
Sow fresh seed during spring in a cold frame.
Graft cultivars during late winter.

Botanic information
Leaf: The twisted linear leaves are arranged in opposite pairs and persist on the plant for 4-years. The apex has a short point and stomatic bands are on the upper side. The persistent sheath is up to 10mm (⅜in) long and leaves are blue-green to yellowish.

The oblong pointed buds are up to 12mm (½in) long and have lanceolate fringed scales that are red-brown and resinous.

Flower: The round yellow male catkin-like flowers are clustered or scattered along the young stems and the red female cones are up to 5mm (1/5 in) long and appear during late spring.

Fruit: The stalked ovoid cones are solitary or in small groups. They are green turning reddish brown and take two seasons to mature, then they fall. The scales are smooth and the seeds are winged.