Propagation
Take hardwood cuttings of stronger plants.


Botanic information
Leaf: The trifoliate leaves have elliptical leaflets that have a serrated margins and an acuminate apex. The new growth maybe light green or bronze-greenthenmaturing to dark green.

Flower: The crateriform flowers are available in single or semi double and double and in variable sizes and colour depending on the cultivar. They may be solitary or arranged in a corymb and appear from late summer to autumn.

Fruit: The drups are called a 'hips', small apple shape and are yellow to red. The size of the fruit depends on the cultivar. The small seeds are viable but the plant is commonly reproduced vegetatively, to maintain true to type.

Culture
Additional pruning procedures, WINTER

1) Remove all dead and diseased, and unproductive wood.

2) Cut out all crossing and interfering stems.

3) Open centre of the plant by removing spindly growth.

4) Use the new water shoots to form basis structure.

5) Reduce remaining stems to within 6mm of the buds of the previous year's growth, facing outwards at a 45ş angle sloping away from the bud.

6) Remove thornless suckers from base.

Additional pruning procedures SUMMER.

1) Remove stems, which have flowered by 2 to 3 buds.

2) Do not defoliate the plant, light prune only, for autumn flowering period.

These plants are long-lived and vigorous.

Rose Culture:
These long-lived shrubs are tough they prefer an open sunny position with 4 to 6 hours of sunlight.
New growth is attacked by sap sucking insects (aphids) while if the plant is in a humid climate it is susceptible to fungal problems (black spot, powdery mildew).
When planting allow ample space for free air to circulate, this will reduce disease.
Watering should take place during morning allowing the leaves to dry out. No watering during the evening.

Planting:
The bed should be in a 1metre wide bed in friable loam with a pH. of 6 to 7 (prepared 4 to 6 weeks prior to planting with added compost and complete fertiliser).
Roses tolerate most soil types but heavy clay restricts root growth and should only be the sub soil.
During planting water thoroughly and allow to drain.

Fertiliser:
After planting do not fertilise till the following year. Applications of blood and bone or complete Rose food regularly will give good results.

Pruning:
The basic rule is to remove older wood and encourage strong new shoots for better flowering. Form a vase shape by removing the wood from the centre and allowing better air circulation.