Propagation
Take hard wood cuttings of stronger plants.
Bud onto Rosa multiflora understocks.

Seeds are not often used because of seedling variation.


Botanic information
Leaf: The trifoliate leaves have 3- leathery textured ovate to lanceolate leaflets that are up to 40mm (1ľin) long and are bronze-green when young maturing to dark green. The apex is abruptly acuminate and the petiole is long.

Flower: The crateriform flowers are available in single, semi-double and doubles in varying sizes and normally appear in corymbs consisting of 3 to 25 blooms and appear on new or second year wood from early summer to autumn. Occasionally flowers may appear solitary.

Fruit: The pomes are called a 'hips', small apple shape and are yellow to red. The size of the fruit depends on the cultivar. The small seeds are viable but the plant is commonly reproduced vegetatively, to maintain true to type.

Culture
Additional pruning procedures, WINTER:

1) Remove all dead and diseased and unproductive wood.

2) Cut out all crossing and interfering stems.

3) Open centre of the plant by removing spindly growth.

4) Use the new water shoots to form basis structure.

5) Reduce remaining stems to within 6mm of the buds of the previous year's growth, facing outwards at a 45ş angle sloping away from the bud.

6) Remove thornless suckers from base.

Additional pruning procedures, SUMMER:

1) Remove stems, which have flowered by 2 to 3 buds.

2) Do not defoliate the plant, light prune only for autumn flowering period.

These plants are long-lived and vigorous.

Rose Culture:
These long-lived shrubs are tough they prefer an open sunny position with 4 to 6 hours of sunlight.
New growth is attacked by sap sucking insects (aphids) while if the plant is in a humid climate it is susceptible to fungal problems (black spot, powdery mildew).
When planting allow ample space for free air to circulate, this will reduce disease.
Watering should take place during morning allowing the leaves to dry out. No watering during the evening.

Planting:
The bed should be in a 1metre wide bed in friable loam with a pH. of 6 to 7 (prepared 4 to 6 weeks prior to planting with added compost and complete fertiliser).
Roses tolerate most soil types but heavy clay restricts root growth and should only be the sub soil.
During planting water thoroughly and allow to drain.

Fertiliser:
After planting do not fertilise till the following year. Applications of blood and bone or complete Rose food regularly will give good results.

Pruning:
The basic rule is to remove older wood and encourage strong new shoots for better flowering. Form a vase shape by removing the wood from the centre and allowing better air circulation.