Propagation
Stratify seeds for 2 to 3 months during winter and sow seeds in pots then place them in a cold frame.
Collect seeds before the fruit turns brown and sow into a prepared bed. Seeds may or may not require a cold period.

Take hardwood cuttings during winter.

Culture
Pruning is not normally necessary. Remove dead or damaged branches or raise the crown by removing the lower branches.


Botanic information
Leaf: The elliptical leaves are glossy green above and pale on the undersides with prominent veins and are up to 60 mm (2? in)wide. It has a long petiole and an acuminate apex and the margins are serrate to biserrate.

Flower: This monoecious tree producesdull redpendant male catkinsduring spring and the small green oblong female strobili appear on the same tree.

Fruit: The cone-like strobilesare up to 8 mm (? in) wide andare woody. They appearat the end of branchesin theaxils and the seeds are small winged nutlets.

Rose Culture:
These long-lived shrubs are tough they prefer an open sunny position with 4 to 6 hours of sunlight.
New growth is attacked by sap sucking insects (aphids) while if the plant is in a humid climate it is susceptible to fungal problems (black spot, powdery mildew).
When planting allow ample space for free air to circulate, this will reduce disease.
Watering should take place during morning allowing the leaves to dry out. No watering during the evening.

Planting:
The bed should be in a 1metre wide bed in friable loam with a pH. of 6 to 7 (prepared 4 to 6 weeks prior to planting with added compost and complete fertiliser).
Roses tolerate most soil types but heavy clay restricts root growth and should only be the sub soil.
During planting water thoroughly and allow to drain.

Fertiliser:
After planting do not fertilise till the following year. Applications of blood and bone or complete Rose food regularly will give good results.

Pruning:
The basic rule is to remove older wood and encourage strong new shoots for better flowering. Form a vase shape by removing the wood from the centre and allowing better air circulation.