Propagation
Place spores on sterilised sphagnum moss, peat moss, cover with glass and keep moist. In 4 to 6 weeks prothalli appear and then transplant to host and tie on allowing the nest leaves to grow.

Culture
The fern should not be attached directly to tree trunks.


Botanic information
Leaf: The large sterile grayish green shield frond lays flat over the root system and adheres to the host and supports the upright sterile frond to 1 m (3 ft) tall that are lobed at the apex. The bright green pendant fertile fronds appear from the centre and are up to 2 m (6 ft) long and once or twice lobed at the apex.

Flower: The sporangia are brown and fluffy and are produced in a large single area at the base of first fork of true pendant fertile frond during summer.

Fruit: The sporangia form a single large brown mass.
The spores are produced in the sporangium during the sporophyte stage of the fern life cycle in rows on the back of the fertile frond. The spores are very small (like fine dust) and are released from the sori when mature.