Propagation
Stratify fresh seeds for 2 months during winter and sow in pots and place in a cold frame to germinate or a prepared bed.
Take semi-hardwood cuttings during summer.

Take care as it produces large roots that can block drains and lift pathways.
It is moderately deer resistant.

General pruning information
Little pruning is normally required apart from crown lifting or thinning. All branches should be cut back to the collar and avoid pruning deciduous species during spring as this encourages bleeding.

Botanic information
Leaf: The leaves are obovate to elliptical up to 120 mm (4ľ in)wide with an acuminate apex and a cuneate base. The petiole up to 50mm (2in) long and the margins are recurved. The upper surface is glabrous, leathery and the underneath has rusty-brown tomentose, felt-like.

Flower: The leaves are obovate to elliptical up to 120 mm (4ľ in)wide with an acuminate apex and a cuneate base. The petiole is up to 50mm (2in) long and the margins are recurved. The leathery upper surface is glabrous and the underside is covered in rusty-brown tomentose, felt-like.

Fruit: The reddish fruit is composed aggregated of follicles and has an upright cone-like appearance that is cylindrical and is arranged in clusters. The fruit splits open vertically to expose shiny red-brown seed that are viable but the plant may be reproduced vegetatively.