Propagation
Sow fresh seed during spring but seedlings may form many variations.

Take semi-hardwood cuttings during growing period.
Veneer grafting is used for selected forms.


Botanic information
Leaf: The tiny, pointed triangular-shaped juvenile leaves become reduced and joined with only the apex free in adult form. They are arranged in whorls of 3 to 4 along the thread-like branchlets forming rounded ridges.

Flower: The tree is monoecious with the tiny male strobili appearing towards the end of the branchlets and has 3-large and alternately 3-small scales with 2 to 4 pollen sacks. The globular stalked female cone has 2-whorls of 3-scales each with several ovules and they appear during spring.

Fruit: The cones are solitary or in clusters with 6 scales 3 broad and 3 narrow that are serrated to the base when ripe. The fruit opens with the scales separating then falling off revealing columella (small column) that is present in the centre of the fruit. It contains 18 to 36 light brown seeds up to 8mm (Ľin) wide and has 2 or 3 wings. They are dispersed by wind and are very viable.